Acetyl L-Carnitine is also known as ALCAR, and has been widely popularized as the superior form to L-Carnitine pertaining to the bioavailability. Carnitine is the quaternary ammonium compound which is being used to move fatty acids out of the cytosol and into the mitochondria when the fats are being broken down, when these are needed to generate additional metabolic energy. The biologically active form of Carnitine is L-Carnitine; Acetyl L-Carnitine is the acetylated form of L-Carnitine and is also known as Acetylcarnitine. L-Carnitine is generally derived from lysine and methionine, which are both amino acids. While the neuro-protecting properties of Acetyl L-Carnitine have been tested on lab animals and some proof was obtained, the role of Acetyl L-Carnitine as a weight loss agent still needs some testing in studies on humans.

Alpha Lipoic Acid- In first clinical trials, alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), managed to restore full liver function to 95% of the acute and severe liver damaged patients, when administered intravenously. Curative effects of ALA have been defined by the modulative regulation in eukaryotes. Lipoic acid has shown the ability to promote and boost the absorption of glucose to cell membranes; furthermore laboratory studies have shown that it can reduce triglycerides in blood. Besides the obviously high efficacy as an antioxidant, ALA has shown to be able to prevent vitamin C and vitamin E deficiency, the use as a chelator is still in the test phase; ALA in combination with L-carnitine shows improved mental performances in tests, paired with a postponed structural mitochondrial decay, making it a candidate in combating Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.

Calcium Citrate is a food additive, the number given is E 333, mostly used as a preservative, but also as a flavour giving ingredient. It is the calcium salt of citric acid, whereby calcium comprises twenty one per cent of the compound. The taste is sour as well as salty, therefore it can be used in a multitude of ways. It is commonly prescribed as a dietary supplement with patients who have received a gastric bypass surgery, but also to treat calcium deficiency and osteoporosis. Calcium citrate, next to calcium carbonate, has been recommended to people who are active in sports, especially in body building, as a bone health supplement. Increasing your muscle mass without improving the strength of your bones can lead to problems and possible injuries.

Chromium.

Citrus Aurantium is the Latin name for a citrus tree which grows bitter oranges. Traditionally being used by Chinese medicine and herbologists, the extract of the orange and the peel was used as a dietary supplement in concoctions with other herbs to suppress appetite. While other active ingredients of the citrus aurantium may contribute and even promote the effect, the main ingredient used in all weight loss products is synephrine, an alkaloid similar to ephedrine. It is a phenethylamine; it influences the alpha1 adrenergic receptor, constricting blood vessels, additionally increasing the heart rate and the blood pressure. In most cases the use of synephrine is paired with a diet and body building plan, where weight loss and muscle building is essential.

Green Tea Extract is of immense use to treat body ache, headaches and poor digestion. The green tea extract contains polyphenols to high levels and is an opulent source of antioxidant. It has the power of fighting free radicals more than vitamin E. the polyphenols present in green tea extract protect against respiratory and digestive infections. It blocks the carcinogens actions that promotes cancer and reduces the cholesterol levels. Green tea extract helps in metabolizing fat. The dieters can feel the weight loss without side effects and jitters. The green tea extract decreases the heart disease risk and also helps in preventing liver failure. The benefits of green tea extract are many, but as it contains caffeine, medical experts should be consulted prior to using it. Green tea extract also defends dental plaque. Green tea extracts prevents even liver transplant failure, but pregnant women should take green tea only after doctor consultation.

Phenylalanine- (S) alpha Amino beta phenylpropionic acid, or L-Phenylalanine, is an essential, electrically neutral amino acid, one of the twenty amino acids that are used by the human body to create proteins. L-Phenylalanine can also be turned into L-Tyrosine, also an amino acid, which converts into L-DOPA, a precursor to catecholamines like epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine. While it is naturally found in breast milk and also milk of mammals, it is also a component of the artificial sweetener aspartame, found in many diet soft drinks. Other sources of phenylalanine include beef, poultry, pork, seafood, sesame seeds, soy milk, walnuts, flax seed, cottage cheese and asparagus. Although widely available through food, L-Phenylalanine is also marketed as a supplement, particularly for body builders where muscle growth is the main factor.

Phosphatidylserine- Due to the physiological effect on the nerve cells, Phosphatidylserine supplement has gained tremendous popularity in the last few years. It is a phospholipid, a molecule used in cell membranes of human body. In the brain it used for releasing neurotransmitters dopamine and acetylcholine. With age, the level of Phosphatidylserine decreases in the body and due to this cognitive impairment like Alzheimer and memory problems takes place. According to experts, the cell membranes of the brain get a boost with Phosphatidylserine supplements. It also affects the nerve activity and brings down the level of stress hormones. Initially, these were derived from bovine cortex but due to the transfer of infectious diseases, soy derived supplement is being considered a safer alternative. You can find Phosphatidylserine in meat but it is also found in innards like liver kidney and the brain.

Vanadyl Sulfate is an inorganic compound of vanadium and the most widely found laboratory source. It is derived from petroleum residues, which is known as the most common commercial supplier of vanadium. Humans do not require vanadium, which means it is not necessary for humans to ingest vanadium in order to survive. Some vanadyl compounds are known to have the effect of mimicking the effects of insulin, which led to a popular use of Vanadyl Sulfate as a dietary supplement. In body building circles it is believed that Vanadyl Sulfate is increasing the performance and that muscle cells take up glucose easier under the influence of Vanadyl Sulfate. The insulin mimicking characteristic is believed to allow amino acids, proteins and carbs to directly enter muscles, but the scientific proof is still under deliberation.

Vitamin C, also known as Ascorbic (a-SKOR-bik) acid, is needed for many functions in the body, including helping the body use carbohydrates, protein, and fats. Vitamin C is found in most citrus fruits and green vegetables and is a strong antioxidant.

Vitamin E is the name for a group of tocopherols and tocotrienols that are soluble in fat and display antioxidant properties. The most important vitamin out of this group is alpha tocopherol, which professes the highest bioavailability, and therefore, was the most studied Vitamin E. Found in such foods as nuts, seeds, milk, wheat germ and most vegetable oils, this Vitamin is said to be perhaps the most important antioxidant in human nourishment, although this trait is not deemed the imperative reason why Vitamin E is required to be in every diet. Most clinical studies which were supposed to crown Vitamin E as the prevention from prostate cancer or cardiovascular wonder supplement have been either inconclusive or were discontinued due to poor results. Vitamin E deficiency results in neurological and neuromuscular problems, but also in failure to absorb fat.